Potentiometric Determination using Moxifloxacin Modified Ion-Selective ZnO Nanorodes

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Moxifloxacin (Moxi), a synthetic fourth generation fluoroquinolone, is chemically described as 1-cyclopropyl-7-(2,8- diazobicyclo[4.3.0]nonane)-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acid. (fluorinated derivative of the quinolone). Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and antibiotic-resistant streptococcus pneumonia are all targets of the wide antibacterial activity. The bactericidal effect of Moxi is caused by enzymes being trapped on DNA and releasing deadly amounts of double-stranded breaks, which prevents cell multiplication. Numerous analytical techniques, such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, atomic absorption spectrometry, conductometry, voltammetry, high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), HPLC-fluorescence, capillary electrophoresis (CE), and HPLC-mass spectrometry, have been cited in the literature for the determination of Moxi. Potentiometric sensors have a wide dynamic range and are simple to miniaturise. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most often utilised matrix as the selective membrane in traditional ion selective electrodes. When an electrochemical equilibrium is attained, the ion-selective membrane demonstrates the selectivity with which the sensing material reacts to the analyte. The activity of this particular ion in the two solution phases will thus control the potential difference that results from the separation of the phases. For the estimation of Moxi, various potentiometric techniques utilising ion selective electrodes were published. PVC membrane sensors were created by Hefnawy et al. for Moxi analysis. Ion association complexes of Moxi-cation and sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) are used in the sensing membranes as electroactive components. The sensors demonstrated effective separation of Moxi from a number of different inorganic and organic substances. In a polymeric matrix made of PVC, Elghobashy et al. built Moxi-selective electrodes using 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticizer. Tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (TpClPB) was used to create the sensors as an anionic exchanger, both with and without the addition of an ionophore. Successful applications of the suggested sensors include the detection of Moxi in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological fluids. ZnO nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes have become quite popular because to their exceptional chemical stability and high surface-to-volume ratio, which makes them exceedingly sensitive to even the smallest surface changes. One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures are also promise for bio and chemical sensing because they are simple to grow vertically on virtually any substrate, have excellent sensitivity, are inexpensive, simple, and use little power. This study provides an illustration of a potentiometric ZnO nanorod-based ion selective electrode without an inner reference solution for a straightforward, accurate, and speedy Moxi detection in pharmaceutical formulations. As a matrix, plasticizer, detecting ionophore, and anionic additive, respectively, potassium tetrakis (3, 5 Triflouro Methyl Phenyl Borate) (KTFPB), dibutyl phthalate, 2-Hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HP-CD), and PVC were utilised for the ion selective electrode. Chemicals and reagent Moxifloxacin hydrochloride was acquired from (98%, Bayer AG, Leverkusen Germany), HPCD (ionophore), tetrakis (3,5trifluoromethyl phenyl borate (additive), PVC (high molecular weight), dibutyl phthalate (a plasticizer), zinc acetate (ZnAc), Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) Instruments and equipment Ag/AgCl reference electrode, pH/mv metre (PHS-3E) (China). Autolab, sensitive balance, magnetic hot plate, thermometer, oven, and SEM. Inner and outer filling by 3M (Netherlands) KCl. (Germany, Zeiss Evo LS 10) ZnO nanorods were produced using an aqueous, low-temperature chemical process.